The Dogs Trust Salisbury has issued the warning as the country faces freezing temperatures and heavy rainfall.
The charity has said that ice may not be thick enough to take a dog’s weight, and they could fall through into the freezing water underneath.
Flood water can also contain toxins, which could be dangerous to pets if swallowed, and submerged hazards, such as broken glass, may be lurking under the water.
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The charity strongly advises that, if a dog does fall through ice or enter flood water, owners should never be tempted to go in after them.
While it may be hard to resist the instinct to save a dog, the effects of cold-water shock on people can be fatal.
It can cause heart attacks, even in the relatively young and healthy, and the involuntary gasps and panic caused by sudden immersion in cold water can increase the chance of inhaling water directly into the lungs.
Jenna Kiddie, head of canine behaviour at Dogs Trust, said: “Over the last few days, we have experienced all kinds of winter weather across the UK, from heavy rain and winds to snow and ice.
“While a frozen pond or flooded field might provide tempting opportunities for your dog to explore, ice can be incredibly dangerous for both you and your dog.
“If you are walking your dog anywhere near frozen lakes or floodwater, keep them on a lead.
“If your dog does go into the water, don’t follow them as this could lead to you requiring an emergency rescue, and could cause you serious harm. In the event of an emergency, call 999.”
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Dogs Trust has also published some easy-to-follow guidance to help ensure dogs remain healthy and happy during the winter.
This includes keeping dogs warm, staying out of flood water, keeping dogs on a lead near snow, ice or flood water, and wiping dogs’ legs, feet and stomach after a walk to prevent skin irritation from road grit and dampness.
The charity also advises against the use of antifreeze, which is highly poisonous but tasty to dogs, and suggests increasing visibility with high-vis jackets and reflective collars.
Regular checks of leads, collars and harnesses are also recommended to ensure they are functioning safely and not damaged by winter weather.
For more information on keeping dogs safe and happy over the winter, visit the Dogs Trust website.